SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    559148, 559149, 559209, 559146, 559147, 
    559210, 554319, 554320, 559151, 554321, 
    554362, 563672
  )

Query time 0.00030

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 12,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (559148,559149,559209,559146,559147,559210,554319,554320,559151,554321,554362,563672)"
    }
  }
}