SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    233499, 231788, 232985, 233273, 233075, 
    235124
  )

Query time 0.00059

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 6,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (233499,231788,232985,233273,233075,235124)"
    }
  }
}